I had the pleasure yesterday of giving a talk about Guests Behind the Barbed Wire to a wonderful audience of library supporters in Vestavia Hills, Alabama. Among those who attended were several people who grew up in the Aliceville area and shared their memories of the German POW camp experience in their town. Also in the audience were several American veterans who had seen combat in Germany and one man who spent time in Stalag Luft III during the war.

I hope to share more of their experiences in future blog entries, but one story I heard yesterday touched me deeply, and I wanted to share it today. One dark night on the front lines in Germany, an American soldier was in his foxhole, staring out into the night and wondering what would happen next. He heard a rustling behind him and, with chills up his spine, turned to see what had caused the noise. To his surprise, a German woman quietly handed him a freshly baked loaf of bread. “I thought maybe you had nothing to eat out here,” she said.

A simple story, but one that reminds us that people care about each other, one or one, in even the most difficult and hate-filled circumstances.

That story reminded me of one I told in Guests Behind the Barbed Wire, too. A woman in Aliceville offered a German POW a glass of cold sweet tea while he was cutting her grass on a hot and humid summer afternoon. When her neighbors criticized her for “aiding the enemy,” she responded quietly that her son was serving somewhere in Germany and she hoped that, if he were thirsty, a German woman would give him something to drink.

If you happened to see last weekend’s edition of CBS Sunday Morning http://www.CBSnews.com/, you already know that Steve Hartman’s video essay echoed this same theme some 60 years later. He sent an inflatable globe up with the last astronaut crew and asked them to randomly point to three places on the globe. He then traveled to India, Latvia, and Oman and randomly picked out three people from the local telephone books and shared their life stories.

Steve shared the common life experiences of these three people and noted that, on an individual basis, people around the world are pretty much the same as far as family concerns, ambitions, and cares. He ended his piece with a comment about how the world might improve if we could all know each other’s stories.

It has been my experience that the people of Aliceville and many, many of the soldiers I have met from both sides of World War II have enriched their lives by taking time to learn each other’s stories.

When I wrote Guests Behind the Barbed Wire in 2007, I knew that the German POWs in Camp Aliceville had had a puppet theater and wooden marionettes. I knew that they had staged puppet plays, but I had no names or personal stories to put with the few black and white photos.

Recently, through information shared by Mary Bess Paluzzi from the Aliceville Museum, I have been able to translate additional materials and put together a fuller picture of Camp Aliceville's puppeteers and puppet plays.

Walter Buettner (1907 to 1990) was a career puppeteer like his father August. By 1929, he had taken some of the old puppet plays his father had presented at carnivals and fairs, refined them a little, and was presenting them at schools as well as fairs.

In 1933, as the Third Reich was gaining power in Germany, puppet plays were banned, and Walter went to work first as a construction laborer at an airport building site between Celle and Lueneberg, then later at the Nobel glycerine works near Geesthacht. In 1940, he was drafted into the marine artillery of the Wehrmacht (the Germany army). There, he found a superior officer who gave him an opportunity to give puppet play performances for his fellow soldiers as a kind of morale booster at the front. Walter worked with his puppets as part of the framework of German army welfare in occupied France until he was captured in 1944.

He was captured by the British and sent to the United States, where he and many other prisoners of war ended up at Camp Aliceville. As Astrid Fuelbier describes his experience in her book, Handpuppen-und Marionetten Theater in Schleswig-Holstein 1920-1960 (Kiel: Ludwig 2002), Walter Buettner did not enjoy working in the compound kitchen, so he set out to search for others in the camp who might work with him to set up a puppet theater.

He was successful in his search. The painter Ernst Hummel was a POW from Karlsruhe. Hummel had once cared for the props and costumes of a marionette theater kept by a Frankfurt dentist (W. J. Caesar) in the attic of his home, and he laid out a plan for a similar theater in the POW camp.

Franz Vernahmer, a POW from Dortmund, was a puppet maker and used his creativity to fashion tools for puppet making from things on hand like rusty files. Herbert Wille had been a sheet metal worker and an electrician, so he became the general handyman for the puppet theater. Others who helped were Karl Heinrich, a teacher and musician from Ebenrode in East Prussia, and a POW from Magdeburg who became the stage manager.

The first puppet production at Camp Aliceville was Indienfahrt (Indian Journey), which Walter had performed earlier in Germany. Later, the group entertained with Schloss Elmenor, based on Oscar Wilde's short story, "The Canterville Ghost." Once the group had acquired actual wooden marionettes (like those of Mephisto and Faust in the photo at top left), they presented other plays, including "The Goose" by Hans Steguweit.

When Camp Aliceville closed, Walter spent additional POW time picking cotton in Mississippi before returning to Germany. His puppets, which had been left behind, were packed up in a large packing case and eventually shipped to him in Germany through the International Red Cross.

After the war, Walter returned to puppet theater as a career. He settled not far from Hamburg in 1951 and built his Kasperhaus (Punch and Judy-type puppet theater) and became known worldwide as Der Heidekasper (The Pagan Punch).

NOTE: The photo of puppets (Faust and Mephisto) used by Walter Buettner and some information in this article are from the Wikipedia article about Walter Buettner. Translation by Ruth B. Cook

Wilhelm Schlegel was born in Asslar, Germany in March 1918. He studied in Wetzlar and returned to his hometown to be hired as a bank clerk in 1937. Two years later, as Hitler plunged Germany into war, he was called up to six months of mandatory service in RAD, the German National Work Service. Then, as required, he joined the German army, received training in wireless communications and participated in military campaigns in Russia and France.

By May 1942, Wilhelm was in North Africa with the 4th Panzer Division wireless unit, and it was in North Africa, on the fertile Tunisian peninsula of Cape Bon, that he was captured by the British in May 1943.

Wilhelm arrived in Camp Aliceville near the end of the summer in 1943. He was assigned to Company 19 in Compound E. Although he left the United States after the war in March 1946, Wilhelm was transferred to French custody, and it was not until January 1948 that he was able to return home, resume his banking career, marry and raise a family. (See my book, Guests Behind the Barbed Wire (Crane Hill, 2007), for the rest of his story.)

Many years later, Wilhelm returned to Aliceville, Alabama with his family for reunions of the POW camp staff, prisoners, and townspeople. During visits, he often gave a speech about world peace and the value of freedom. He and his family became houseguests and fast friends of Chuck and Jane Gwin. Chuck is a banker in Aliceville, and the two men had much in common. The photo at left above shows a kindergarten class helping Wilhelm celebrate his 85th birthday at the Aliceville Museum. His grandson Philip enjoyed the company of the other children. In the background of this photo, you can see former Aliceville POW Hermann Blumhardt playing German and American folk songs on his accordion for the children.

This week, across the miles and the memories, and in among the legacies of war and peace, I received a wonderful New Year’s e-mail from Wilhelm Schlegel. In addition to personal wishes for health and joy of life in the coming year, Wilhelm wrote the following (translation follows):

Wir leben in einer Zeit der Ungewissheit und bangen um den Frieden in der Welt , die nicht zur Ruhe kommt. Gerne denke ich an die Zeit in Aliceville und die lieben Freunde, die ich gerne wiedersehen moechte, zurueck–aber in meinem Alter sind die Strapazen zu gross. So lebe ich gerne mit guter Erinnerung an Alabama.

TRANSLATION: We live in a time of uncertainty and are concerned about peace in the world, which does not come. I think with pleasure about the times in Aliceville and the dear friends that I would like to see again. However, at my age, the strain would be too great. So, I live with my good memories of Alabama.

I, too, have good memories of Aliceville and of the many friends, both German and American, that I have met there and with whom I have shared good times and hopes for world peace.

With Wilhelm, I wish all of my readers herzlichen Gruessen und den besten Wuenschen for the year 2010.

The photo at left shows “the last four positives” who were treated for diphtheria at Camp Aliceville in the fall of 1943. Although I have not identified all four German POWs in the photo, the man on the far right is Walter Felholter, who is quoted frequently in Guests Behind the Barbed Wire.

Those of you who have read Guests Behind the Barbed Wire probably remember the army captain who came to Camp Aliceville in December 1942 to set up the medical service for the POW camp. He took a room in the home of Miss Annie Mae Coleman over in Carrollton and began hiring hospital employees. One of the first was Elma Henders, who left college to become the Station Hospital dietician.

By mid-April 1943, Captain Arthur John Klippen, M. D., had the Station Hospital open and ready for patients. It was a 250-bed facility designed to treat American military personnel as well as POWs. In emergencies, it even treated local Aliceville residents.

Captain Klippen supervised the treatment of many war-weary and disillusioned German soldiers who arrived at Camp Aliceville in the coming months. One of them was Horst Uhse who had battled jaundice and malaria in makeshift transfer camps in North Africa. In later years, Uhse expressed his appreciation for the professionalism of Captain Klippen and his staff who nursed him back to health before transferring him to Compound B of Camp Aliceville.

One German POW was not so lucky. Otto Ulrich cut his leg on a piece of wire fencing at a compound athletic field and waited too long to report his injury It became infected and developed gangrene. When Ulrich finally entered the camp hospital, Captain Klippen recommended amputation, but the POW refused and died.

The photo at upper left was sent by Captain Klippen’s son Chris who recently discovered the existence of the Aliceville Museum http://www.cityofaliceville.com (Click on POW Museum). The photo shows Captain Klippen with his older son Art (Arthur G. Klippen) and was taken in Aliceville in May 1944. The photo was given to Chris by his sister Nina.

Captain Klippen was born in 1909 in Duluth, MN to immigrant parents from Norway. He earned a Master’s degree in chemistry and taught at a junior college before deciding to study medicine. He received his degree from the medical school at St. Louis University in 1938 and, like many medical students at the time, accepted a commission in the Armed Forces.

Captain Klippen’s first duty was to sit on a medical draft board. He traveled throughout the south and met his wife, Zora Grijack, at Fort Benning, GA in 1940. Zora was a lieutenant in the Army Nursing Corps and scheduled to go to the Phillipines when she resigned her commission to marry Klippen. Many of her nursing friends who did go on to be stationed in the Philippines were there when the island fell to the Japanese and were held in brutal POW camps until the American liberation later in the war.

Following Captain Klippen’s service as Medical Officer at Camp Aliceville, he received orders to the Pacific in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. He was on a ship headed to the Pacific Theater when the atom bombs were dropped and the war ended.

After the war, Klippen was in private practice as a family physician in Michigan. In 1955, he began work for the VA medical centers, working in the Central Office in Washington, D.C. and then serving as Hospital Director for the Ann Arbor (Michigan) VA. In 1969, he transferred to the Minnesota VA and retired there as Hospital Director in 1977. He and Zora lived in Maple Lake, MN until his death in October 1997. Zora died in 2001.

The child in the photograph above, Arthur G. klippen, served in the US Army as a second lieutenant in Vietnam. He was killed in action on August 25, 1966 and was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for “gallantry in combat.” It is fitting that he and his parents, who served their country well, are buried together in the same plot in Arlington National Cemetery.

Chris Klippen is donating an oil painting to the Aliceville Museum. It was created by one of the German POWs and given to his father. The painting, done on the back of a piece of military posterboard, shows the recreation area and barracks of Camp Aliceville.

A SIDE NOTE: Chris Klippen, Mary Bess Paluzzi (Director of the Aliceville Museum), and I share a common bond. All three of our fathers were scheduled to be involved in the invasion of Japan at the time the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Mary Bess’s father had been badly wounded in Europe in November 1944 and was just being released again for active duty when he expected to be reassigned to the Pacific. Chris’s father was on a ship headed to the South Pacific for the invasion of Japan, and my father (see Introduction to Guests Behind the Barbed Wire) was already stationed at Okinawa and training for that invasion.

Aliceville Museum Director Mary Bess Paluzzi was fascinated with the photos of WWII Aliceville posted to this blog by Bruce Mayhall. She noted that Billie Frances Pate worked at the soda fountain in Jones Drugstore at that time. “I always heard that she was a very beautiful young woman,” Mary Bess wrote in an e-mail, “and this photo proves it.”

If any of my readers visit the Aliceville Museum, they will see a beautiful display case that contains the Marine Corps uniform of Sergeant Major Albert Thomas Kirk, who became Billie’s husband. In additiion to the large collection of memorabilia from Camp Aliceville, the museum also houses numerous displays of American military memorabilia from World War II.